Climate
The majority of Botswana lies between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, with only the very southern part of the country lying to the south of the tropics. The summer months coincide with the rainy season (October to April) which means that the temperatures can hit highs of 45 degrees Celsius but can also get chilly after a rain – down to 14 degrees Celsius. The rainy season is not really that rainy, the majority of the country gets an average of approx. 400 to 450 mm of rain annually, and most of that will occur in 3 or 4 major downpours.
An average month during the rainy season may have 5 or 6 days of overcast and maybe 3 or 4 days with rain. The hottest areas will be in the desert areas like the Central Kalahari Game Reserve and the wettest areas will be in the northern parts of Botswana. The winter coincides with dry season – and it is dry, with rarely a cloud in sight. Temperatures can range from mid-day highs of 35 degrees Celsius down to minus 12 degrees at night in the Kalahari. People not use to the dry climate experience cracking lips, dry skin and on occasion, dehydration.
Population and Culture
Botswana is a country about the size of France or Texas with a population of approximately 1.7 million people. The population has doubled in the last 20 years and its economy has gone from being one of the poorest in the world in the 1960’s, to becoming one of the wealthiest African countries. The majority of people live in the eastern section of Botswana with the central sections still being some of the least densely populated areas in the world.
The people of Botswana are primarily Batswana, (“Ba” is the plural in Setswana) but there are numerous other ethnic groups and tribes such as the Khoe (Bushman), BaYei, Herero, Bakalanga, Bakgalgadi and many more. You will find the people friendly and open but conservative – they are still strongly attached to their heritage and their families. This has kept their cultures and country stable despite the fact they have been surrounded by civil wars, wars of liberation and an apartheid government in the south for decades.
Geography
Over 80 per cent of Botswana could be considered Kalahari savannah, with the other 20 per cent comprising the Okavango Delta and the Linyanti swamps. The land is flat and generally featureless, with only pans and fossil valleys breaking the savannah expanse. The Okavango Delta is in fact just a area of the Kalahari that has been covered by water as a result of seismic and tectonic activity altering the flow of the Okavango river.
Wildlife
The formation of the delta has created a unique habitat that allows for a wide range of animals to thrive. This, combined with the low human population and controlled development, has provided an open range environment that still supports huge herds of almost any type of African herbivore and of course the carnivores that live off them. The unofficial elephant population for northern Botswana is now estimated to be 125,000 – the largest single unbroken elephant population in the world, and that’s just for starters.
Birds and animals that are rare in other countries are fairly common in Botswana – in the delta you can see wattled crane, wild dogs, red lechwe, and sitatunga. In the Kalahari you can see eland, red hartebeest, and the huge Kalahari lions, just to mention a few. And of course there are the herds of zebra, impala, buffalo, springbok and gemsbok – along with the sounds, the smells and the feel of the wilderness.
Source: Botswana – General Information